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Romanesque art
Romanesque art, the style of architecture and other branches of art that originated in Western Europe in the 10th century. The term “Romanesque” (French Romanesque, Spanish romanico, German Romanic from Latin romanum) appeared at the beginning of the 19th century, when historians and romantic artists, discovering the art of the early Middle Ages, noticed that the architecture of this era reminds of ancient roman. The Romanesque era – the time of the emergence of the pan-European architectural style. The leading role in this process was played by the peoples of Western Europe. The formation of the Western European Romanesque culture due to continuous wars and the resettlement of peoples took place later than in the East, in Byzantium, but proceeded more dynamically. The main feature of the Romanesque era is openness to external influences. Continue reading
Classicism
Unlike classics, classicism is not a qualitative, but a functional concept; it expresses a certain tendency of artistic thinking, based on the desire for simplicity, clarity, rationality, and the consistency of the artistic image.
Classicism is turned to the future, not to the past, and this is its artistic and historical meaning. The basis of the classical worldview is a specific understanding of beauty, the belief that beauty is eternal.
Classicism – (from the Latin. Classicus – exemplary), style and direction in architecture and fine art, XVII – early XIX centuries., Turned to the ancient heritage as an ideal model. However, Classicism can refer not only to a single historical epoch, artistic direction, trend, style, or school of art. Continue reading
Gothic
The Gothic style is an artistic style that was the final stage in the development of the Middle Ages of art of the countries of Western, Central and partially Eastern Europe (between the mid 12th and 16th centuries). The term “Gothic” was introduced into the Renaissance as a derogatory designation of all medieval art, which was considered “barbaric”. From the beginning of the 19th century, when the term Romanesque was adopted for art, the chronological framework of the Gothic style was limited, it marked the early, mature (high) and late phases.
Gothic developed in countries dominated by the Catholic Church, and under its auspices of the feudal church foundations were preserved in the ideology and culture of the Gothic era. Gothic art remained predominantly religious and religious in its themes: it was correlated with eternity, with the “highest” irrational forces. Continue reading
